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Tasadr Observatory: what AI engines cite in Arabic

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The Tasadr Observatory publishes dated notes on what AI engines cite when a customer asks them in Arabic. Each note rests on our own measurements, states its scope and dates, and publishes its data under an open licence. The first covers buying answers in 12 sectors in Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Kuwait and Egypt, in October 2026.

On this page (6)

  1. What is the Tasadr Observatory?

    The Tasadr Observatory is where we publish what we measure in AI engines' answers to Arabic questions: the sites the answers are built on, what kind of sites they are, and how that changes from sector to sector and from country to country. Every note is dated and comes with its scope and its data.

    We write it for business owners, marketing managers and agencies, and for any researcher or journalist who needs a figure about Arabic answers. We started it because we needed that figure ourselves, from Arabic questions in our own markets, rather than one carried over from English questions.

    The Observatory is part of the Tasadr team's work on optimising for AI answers (GEO), but it measures no particular site and ranks no business. It describes what the engines do across a whole market, and puts dated figures beside what we have written about how AI engines choose their sources.

  2. What are the latest Observatory notes?

    The first note, who leads Arabic buying answers in AI? October 2026, published on 17 October 2026, covers 1,192 Arabic buying questions in 12 sectors across four countries, answered by Perplexity and Claude between 11 and 15 October 2026.

    In short: in 38 of 48 cases the most-cited site was not a business that provides the service itself but, mostly, a platform that gathers many businesses, such as a directory, a review site or a booking portal. In some sectors, such as hotels, the engines go back to a few sites again and again; in others, such as e-commerce, the answers spread over more than a thousand sites.

    The next notes add ChatGPT, Gemini and Google's AI Overviews and AI Mode. Each note joins this page with its date once its review is complete.

  3. How do we measure what the Observatory publishes?

    We ask the engines Arabic buying questions the way a customer writes them, in their sector and country and usually their city, and we record the sites each answer gives as its sources. A site is cited when it is among those links.

    Each note states its full scope: the number of questions, sectors and countries, the engines, the days of measurement, and what its figures do not say. It names no cited site, only its type: a directory, a review site, a booking portal or a business's own site.

    What we measure for our customers' sites is something else: their own questions in their own market, described in how we measure where you stand in AI answers.

  4. How can you use the Observatory's data?

    Each note's data is published as CSV files under the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 licence. You may copy it, republish it and build on it, in research, an article or a client presentation, commercial use included.

    The licence asks three things: credit the source, "Tasadr Observatory", with the note's name and date; link to the note and to the licence; and say if you changed the data. The licence is listed in the sources at the end of this page.

    If you publish something built on our data and would like us to know, write to partner@tasadr.ai.

Sources

  1. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) · Creative Commons

Frequently asked questions

Who writes the Observatory notes?

The Tasadr team, the team that builds the platform and measures the engines' answers in Arabic. Every figure comes from our own measurements, with its date and scope, and we check each one against its data before publishing, as our editorial standard says.

Why does the Observatory not name the sites?

Because the point is for you to know where the engines look in your sector, not for us to rank or promote particular sites. We give the site's type, a directory, a review site, a booking portal or a business's own site, and the files we publish carry no names either.

Do a note's figures change after it is published?

Only to correct an error. Each note is a picture of its days of measurement. If we find an error, we correct it and date the correction on the page; a new measurement is a new note with its own date, so the notes stay comparable.

Which markets does the Observatory cover?

The first note covers Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Kuwait and Egypt, with questions written the way customers write them in each market: Modern Standard Arabic in the Gulf, and Egyptian Arabic for half of the Egyptian questions. Later notes may add other markets.

Do the Observatory's data say anything about my site?

Nothing about any particular site: they describe a whole market. To find out who leads your own customers' questions, and whether the engines cite your site, measure your questions in your market, as described in how we measure where you stand in AI answers.